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Written over the last 18 months of his life and inspired by his interest in G. E. Moore's defense of common sense, this much discussed volume collects Wittgenstein's reflections on knowledge and certainty, on what it is to know a proposition for sure.
- Sales Rank: #111549 in Books
- Published on: 1972-09-06
- Released on: 1972-09-06
- Original language: German
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.00" h x .43" w x 5.31" l, .32 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 192 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Investigation into the nature of knowledge
By C. Middleton
On face value, On Certainty is a surprisingly accessible Wittgenstein text, exploring the notions of epistemology (theory of knowledge) and scepticism (idea that true knowledge can be sought but cannot be found) or "knowing" and "doubting", however, the work, on closer examination, cleverly argues these positions in the epistemological tradition from clearly different perspectives, thus On Certainty is more complex than it appears.
Written in the last eighteen months of Wittgenstein's life (the last entry days before his death) it is a response to Moore's articles, `Proof of the External World" and "Defence of Common Sense". According to the editors, Anscombe and von Wright, Wittgenstein told Moore that these were his best articles.
In entry 83, Wittgenstein writes:
"The truth of certain empirical propositions belongs to our frame of reference".
This is a foundationalist argument, proposing that our knowledge of the world and its truth, belongs to our particular frame of reference - context is everything, underlying all our assertions.
Another perspective that Wittgenstein proposes is the position of Relativism: in this view there are no foundations or absolutes, truth changes with the times, circumstances and social conditions. He writes,
65: "When language-games change, then there is a change in concepts, and with concepts the meaning of words change."
Interestingly, relativism is the perfect tool for the sceptic, because knowledge is depended on time and circumstances, and therefore can be sought, but never found.
Doubt itself is depended on certainty, as one must hold a premise in order to reject it.
115: "If you tried to doubt everything you would not get far as doubting anything. The game of doubting itself presupposes certainty."
In fact this, really, is the core premise of On Certainty that knowledge can only exist if doubt is possible. Doubt relies on content of what we know, our frame of reference that is inherent in all our assumptions regarding existence.
Reading On Certainty is a stimulus for thought, pushing us to analyse our assumptions about knowledge, that truth depends on our concept frameworks through which we view the world.
Recommended to all students of contemporary philosophy.
19 of 73 people found the following review helpful.
Good for a laugh maybe
By Ross James Browne
Wittgenstein was a man who despised all things metaphysical and spiritual. He fancied himself a no-nonsense objectivist who would not be hoodwinked by false religious promises or tricked into seeing intangible ghosts. However, Wittgenstein's philosophy seems to have centered around a type of solipsism, which strikes me as the most outlandish, metaphysical, and fantastical philosophy imaginable. He refuses to acknowledge the existence of anything that he is not able to see before him; it is ironic that someone who so vehemently denies the existence of ghosts wants to regard nearly every being and entity on the face of the earth a ghost, if he is not there to see it. Wittgenstein has quite literally put the very existence of the concrete universe into question. Everything has become some type of hallucination, and is reduced to pure irreality when a subject is not present. This strikes me as a very metaphysical philosophy indeed. Wittgenstein's solipsism has spiraled out of control and taken on a life of its own. For him the self is everything; all so-called objective entities spring from the subjective self, leaving us with no real objctive reality or atomic facts at all. All we are left with is Wittgenstein, the self-appointed possessor, owner, and sovereign monarch of the known universe. None of us exist unless Wittgenstein invites us into his little world, and we cease to exist the moment we exit his field of vision. I, for one, take exception to this. Hey Wittgenstein: - I exist - get used to it - I'm here to stay - you cannot expel me from the universe - the world does not revolve around you! What could be more non-objective than denying the very existence of any and all objectivity? What could be more outlandishly speculative and fantastic than denying the conscious sentience of all other beings? Wittgenstein's solipsism has quite simply mutated into an astonishingly egotistical megalomania. This philosophy lacks common sense.
That said, I have nothing but the utmost respect for the intellectuals who are able to decipher this philosophy. It is an important and inevitable philosophic movement, and can be very helpful and informative with regards to how NOT to think. All philosophers must at least consider and come to terms with Wittgenstein's solipsism; we must work our way through this philosophy and find a way to transcend it. Regardless of your attitude towards this philosophy, I must recommend Brand Blanshard's great book, _Reason and Analysis_, as an eloquent respose to the philosophy of Wittgenstein. No one can be a true expert on Wittgenstein unless they are able to answer to the criticisms directed at his concepts. If you are ever going to be able to uphold this philosophy you must be able to answer to your critics and know what people on the other side are saying. If you read Blanshard's _Reason and Analysis_, you will be much better equipped to deal with Wittgenstein's detractors.
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Honest but thin
By Kon E. Tampakis
This work captures some of Wittgenstein's last thoughts. If you are a student of this philosopher's work this is a msut have, I believe. However, it depends on earlier concepts to be understood, especially those found in "Philosophical Investigations". It is a very small book, with almost no commentary besides the origins of the original manuscripts, that Wittgenstein never published. If you are interested in the base text, without any commentary, this is for you. The fact that the original German text is given besides the english translation is also nice, because Wittgenstein's thoughts can easilt be misunderstood if translated badly.
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